Design and simulation of wet path components of an IC engine for better emissions characteristics and efficiency improvement using CFD simulation tool

This study investigates how in-cylinder airflow modifications, such as adjustments to intake port geometry, piston shape, and cylinder head design, influence emissions and efficiency in a diesel engine running on biodiesel blends. By enhancing specific flow patterns like swirl, tumble, and squish, this study will improve combustion characteristics, reduce NOx and particulate matter emissions, and increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The simulations were conducted across various engine speeds and loads to assess in-cylinder dynamics under realistic conditions comprehensively. Results from the CFD analyses highlighted the potential of optimised airflow patterns to significantly reduce NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions while enhancing brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Identified the optimal design configuration that maximises pre-combustion turbulence is critical. In this study, the C3 piston head design in conjunction with the inlet valve lift of 9 mm, emerged as the most effective combination for enhancing turbulence and improving engine performance. The integration of SolidWorks for design, advanced CFD solvers for simulation, and Tecplot 360 for post-processing proved effective in yielding reliable results. These findings, validated against empirical studies, suggest that relatively simple design adjustments to airflow components can achieve substantial improvements in engine performance and emissions, offering a promising path toward cleaner and more efficient combustion technologies.