Dendrite-free zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor with jute-derived carbon and nanostructured zinc on steel mesh for EVs

Aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZnHSCs) have emerged as a promising energy storage device due to their low cost, excellent safety profile, and eco-friendly nature. However, commercialization has been hampered by issues, such as dendrite development and low energy density. Herein, we demonstrate the usage of Zn nanosheets electrodeposited on stainless-steel mesh (Zn ED-SS) as a new anode and jute-based activated carbon on graphite foil with a porous surface as a cathode material to improve challenges associated with ZnHSCs. The strategic integration of Zn nanosheets onto the distinctive surface of stainless-steel mesh results in a significant enhancement in the electrochemical performance of ZnHSC devices. This remarkable improvement can be attributable to two important factors: a significant increase in active sites and a reduction in dendritic growth. The Zn ED-SS symmetric batteries outperformed the pristine Zn foil in terms of stability at a high current density of 3 mA cm⁻² with 1.5 mAh cm⁻². The assembled ZnHSCs have outstanding energy densities of 84 Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ and a power density of 400 W kg⁻¹. Additionally, they have a specific capacitance of 236 Fg⁻¹ at 0.5 Ag⁻¹. At a lower current density of 0.1 Ag⁻¹, ZnHSCs have an even higher specific capacitance (305 Fg⁻¹) and energy density (108 Wh kg⁻¹) while maintaining an appropriate power density. Our analysis shows a 95 % capacity retention rate after 10,000 cycles. Solar cells were connected to ZnHSCs, providing dependable power for the operation of electric vehicles. This research has the potential to revolutionize energy storage, addressing rising demand and making a significant impact.