Critical review on catalytic biomass gasification: State-of-Art progress, technical challenges, and perspectives in future development

Recently, biomass gasification process has gained lots of attention because of sustainable energy sources utilization. Being renewable energy source, biomass can serve as a viable replacement for fossil fuels. The process gasification is the conversion of organic substance via thermochemical process where syngas is produced along with the solid product termed as char. Such process is also well known for the generation of heat and power and synthesize the second-generation biofuels and hydrogen production. Unfortunately, tar formation in gasifiers during biomass gasification remains a main problem to commercialization. In the current review we focus at recent advancements in catalytic biomass gasification about supercritical water catalytic gasification (SCWG), catalytic steam gasification and catalytic CO₂ gasification, and discuss on gasification process, parametric impact, biomass-pretreatment and catalytic deactivate mechanism in order to overcome the challenges and improve the catalytic yield. Future direction and critical prospective of catalytic biomass gasification are also discussed in this review.