Critical approach of bionanomaterials over pharmaceutical waste

Water pollution, particularly its harmful impacts on the environment and also on humans, has become a challenging concern all over the world. One method to overcome this emerging issue is the treatment of wastewater, but the traditional ways of treating wastewater are unable to remove the organic contaminants including emerging pharmaceutical contaminants (EPCs). Currently, the biogenic nanoparticles (bionanomaterials) have been extensively studied and found to be potent in removing EPCs from wastewater, thus protecting the environment and ecosystem. Adsorption and photocatalysis are the two advanced technologies of bionanomaterials which can be used for the effective removal of EPCs from wastewater. Even though these methods have some deficiencies and their improper discharge may also affect the environment adversely, these tenacious particles are still efficacious in terms of biomedical and environmental protecting applications. Thus, additional research is the solution of this problem to examine the safety of using these nanomaterials to the humans and environment before their use on large scale.