Cracking of n-hexane over hierarchical MOR zeolites derived from natural minerals

Cost-effective and efficient catalysts for pyrolysis and catalytic cracking can be derived from low-cost and abundantly available natural minerals. Herein, we report the fabrication of hierarchical mordenite (MOR) zeolites with an enhancement in micropore properties, which were obtained by ion exchange followed by dealumination of natural zeolites. Crystallinity, textural properties and morphologies of the hierarchical cata-lysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physisorption and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns show that the parent minerals contain natural mordenite as the dominant phase (73-83 wt%). The severity of the dealumination was studied by applying different concentrations of nitric acid (HNO₃). Dealumination affected crystallinity, Si/Al ratio, mesoporosity of mordenite, and selectivity of products in n-hexane cracking. Crystallinity of hierarchical MOR decreased with higher HNO 3 concentrations. High selectivity to propylene with propylene/ethylene ratio of 1.26 was achieved over mordenite treated with mild dealumination by HNO₃ (1 M). These cost-effective catalysts derived from natural zeolites are potentially applied in chemical industries.