CO₂-Induced degradation of rubber materials in oil and gas industry

The oil and gas industry is constantly challenged by gaseous corrosion. Rubber components, as indispensable parts in this sector, play critical roles in seals, gaskets, pipelines, valves, and blowout preventers. Their flexibility, durability, and resistance to harsh operating conditions are crucial for the industry’s operations. However, the increasing use of CO₂-rich environments has heightened the challenges associated with CO₂-induced rubber corrosion. This article comprehensively explores the importance of rubber materials in the oil and gas sectors and the various types of rubber being deployed in the industry. It also delves into the underlying mechanisms of CO₂ corrosion of rubber, including the possible phenomena associated with diffusion, swelling, and permeability. The different degradation pathways for rubber materials are discussed, along with the various mitigation strategies, from modification in operational practices to the design and development of protective coatings and corrosion inhibitors. The article concludes with a discussion of research gaps and possible future perspectives.