Control-oriented model of atkinson cycle engine with variable intake valve actuation

With the advancement in the innovated technologies, optimum efficiency of spark ignition (SI) engine can be accomplished during the entire engine operating range, particularly at part load. In this research, a novel control-oriented extended mean value engine model (EMVEM) of the Atkinson cycle engine is proposed, wherein the Atkinson cycle, variable valve timing (VVT), overexpansion, and variable compression ratio (VCR) characteristics are incorporated. For this purpose, an intake valve timing (IVT) parameter is introduced, which has a vital role in modeling the inclusive dynamics of the system and to deal with engine performance degrading aspects. The proposed model is validated with the experimental data of a VVT engine, obtained from literature, to ensure that the proposed model has the capability to capture the dynamics of the Atkinson cycle engine, and engine load can be controlled by IVT parameter, instead of the conventional throttle. The potential benefits of late intake valve closing (LIVC) tactic and copious integrated characteristics are appreciated as well. Furthermore, simulation results of the developed model primarily indicate the reduction in the engine part load losses and enhancement in thermal efficiency due to overexpansion, which has a great significance in the enhancement of the performance, fuel economy, and emissions reduction. Besides, the constraints on LIVC and overexpansion become evident.