Conductive Cloth-Assisted Electromediated Extraction for the Determination of Biogenic Amines from Beverages

In this study, an electrical conductive cloth-assisted electromediated extraction to preconcentrate biogenic amines (BAs) in beverage samples was developed. Putrescine, cadaverine, phenylethylamine, tyramine and tryptamine were used as model BAs compounds. The electrically conductive cloth (CC) was selected and used as an adsorbent via an electromediated approach. The CC’s surface composition and electrical conductivity were characterized using SEM–EDX, FTIR and cyclic voltammetry. The extraction variables influencing the recoveries of BAs from beverage samples were investigated and optimized. An extraction time of 15 min, a negative voltage of 5 V, acetonitrile as desorption solvent and the desorption time of 5 min were the optimum conditions to achieve low detection limits (LODs). The LODs were in the range of 0.1–0.3 μg L⁻¹, and the limits of quantification were from 0.3 to 0.9 μg L⁻¹. Very good calibrations with concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 μgL⁻¹ with the coefficient of determination (R²) between 0.9847 and 0.9999 were achieved. The enrichment factor ranged from 57 to 397, and the percentage relative standard deviation was less than 5.2% for each BA. The average relative recoveries for spiked real orange and apple juices were between 95.4 and 97.0%, respectively. The CC is reusable; more than twenty repeated extractions were performed with the same cloth. The proposed method is fast, sensitive, inexpensive and effective in extracting BAs from orange and apple juices.