Concurrent frequency–voltage stabilization for hybrid microgrid with virtual inertia support

This paper presents a novel control scheme for combined frequency and voltage stabilization of an islanded multi-generator hybrid microgrid (IHμG). The control concept incorporates an improved virtual inertia support scheme (IVIS) and the recently developed yellow saddle goatfish technique (YSGA) to obtain optimal control parameters. IHμG model consists of an AVR-based voltage compensating loop for synchronous biodiesel generator, wind generator, wave generator, photon exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and controllable heat pump and freezer. An integer order proportional-integral-derivative (IOPID) controller is leveraged for frequency-voltage stabilization. A comparative response assessment has been performed with/without IVIS. The utilization of YSGA has been justified by comparative assessment with particle swarm optimization, firefly, and sine-cosine techniques. A meticulous performance evaluation of YSGA optimized IOPID control scheme in the IHμG has been conducted through several case studies. Furthermore, the rigorous sturdiness assessment of YSGA optimized IOPID controller was performed under different uncertainties such as: variation of amplifier gain, ±30% variation in demanded loading magnitude, moment of inertia and droop co-efficient. Finally, real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform is utilized to validate the proposed control approach.