Complexities in the Characterization and Index Measurements of the Unconventional Qusaiba Rock Member from Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Unconventional shale reservoirs, notably Saudi Arabia's Qusaiba member, store a significant portion of the world's natural gas and tight oil reserves. The understanding and successful extraction of these reserves require a detailed comprehension of their complex geological, petrophysical, and geomechanical properties. This research addresses the challenges faced during sample preparation and testing of standard rock mechanical properties of a shallow subsurface core from the Qalibah Formation (Sharawra and Qusaiba members), of the Qassim region in Central Saudi Arabia. Traditional methods faced limitations due to the shale's intricate heterogeneity, layered structure, and unique formation processes. However, micro-indentation testing helped solve most of these challenges. With its expansive sampling capability, this method provided insights into the rock's strength and elasticity. By comparing the results of the micro-indentation tests against conventional measures, this study highlights the potential of innovative techniques in characterizing unconventional shale reservoirs, offering a promising avenue for future exploration and understanding.