Comparative study on heat transfer improvement of nanofluids flow in forward-facing reducing channel with and without novel hybrid ribs

This research presents a numerically analysed qualified study on the thermal improvement of nanofluid flow in forward-facing reduction channels with and without innovative hybrid ribs. Considering turbulent movement and two-dimensional forced thermal convection, the forward-facing contracted stream (FFS) with and without ribs was investigated. Using pure water and water-alumina nanofluid as the working fluids, four different kinds of ribs (triangular, L, trapezoidal, and cross) are employed. Four ranges of Reynolds number changed, 10000, 20000, 30000, and 40000 are used. The results demonstrated that the coefficient pressure values decreased when the tube size changed because of increased friction, and the Nusselt number (Nu) increased as Re increased but decreased when fluid flowed through the heated tube. The study also emphasised the influence of triangular ribs on the system's thermal efficiency, where the Nusselt number increases near the top of the rib before falling once more as it approaches the heating surface. The Nusselt number rises from 5400 to 5600 as the concentration increases from 1 vol% to 4 vol%. According to the study, triangle ribs are used to produce the best presentation in evaluated with other cases, with an average Nusselt number of 9000 indicating a high thermal coefficient and, as a result, increased heat transfer performance. Overall, these results noted that the flow rate, the concentration of nanofluids, unit configuration, and ribs strongly influence the Nusselt number behaviour and the unit's thermal performance.