Combustion, environmental, and efficiency assessment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes enriched biodiesel-diesel binary blends in varying injection timing

The purpose of this study is to examine how a biodiesel diesel blend, enriched with nanoparticles affects the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine at varying compression ratios, engine load, and injection timing. The biodiesel and nanoparticles considered for this study are cotton seed biodiesel and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The test fuel is prepared by blending diesel and cottonseed biodiesel along with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The compression ratio is varied from 17.5 to 18, whereas fuel injection timing and engine load of 20°, 23°, and 25° before Top dead Centres and 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % 100 %, respectively are considered for testing. The findings suggest that the highest brake thermal efficiency is achieved with a compression ratio of 18 and an injection timing of 20°, before Top Dead Centre. Additionally, when these settings are utilized, the levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are observed to be the lowest among all test runs for nanoparticles enriched biodiesel diesel blend with a reduction of 41.94 % and 34 % compared to diesel mode.