Co-pyrolysis of nitrile gloves and tissue paper towards liquid fuel generation: Experiment, simulation, and techno-economic insights

This study presents an integrated experimental and simulation approach to enhance bio-oil production through the co-pyrolysis of nitrile gloves (NRG) and tissue paper (TP). Experiments confirmed that blending these feedstocks improves bio-oil quality and yield, while Aspen Plus® modeling validated reaction pathways, process conditions, and economic feasibility. The results from the model closely matched the experimental outcomes, demonstrating reliability in predicting product yields. The economic analysis was conducted for a 100 kg h⁻¹ plant using a 2025 cost basis (CEPCI = 820). Bio-oil and biogas prices were estimated from their heating values relative to diesel and methane, respectively. Under these assumptions, Case 1 (NRG-only) resulted in an NPV of 3.214 MM$ with an approximate 7-year payback, while Case 2 (co-pyrolysis) increased profitability to 4.101 MM$ with an approximate 5-year payback, attributed primarily to the catalytic decomposition characteristics of TP. This research not only bridges theoretical modeling with practical experimentation but also advances strategies for sustainable energy production from medical waste.