Characterizing seasonal, environmental and human-induced factors influencing the dynamics of Rispana River's water quality: Implications for sustainable river management

This study will comprehensively evaluate the Rispana River's aquatic environment from February to June 2021, integrating physicochemical, biological, and hydrological data. Key objectives include identifying pollution sources, assessing climate change impacts, and evaluating health effects on humans and aquatic life. Analysis of 50 water samples reveals significant pH variations across five sampling sites influenced by natural and human factors. Fluctuating water temperatures (16.41 °C–20.81 °C) impact various parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Microbiological assessment detects coliforms, indicating contamination with potential health risks. The study highlights the degradation of the Rispana River due to pollution and climate change. Urgent action is needed to mitigate impacts and safeguard human and aquatic health. Sustained monitoring and strategic management approaches are crucial for the river's sustainability. Collaborative efforts are necessary to address pollution sources and restore the river's health, emphasizing the importance of protecting this vital resource for current and future generations.