Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework

Emmanuel Chidiebere Eze; Ernest Effah Ameyaw

doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework

Emmanuel Chidiebere Eze^*, Ernest Effah Ameyaw

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects still adopt traditional, paper-based contracting systems that cannot guarantee trust, transparency among project parties, and the immutability of data and project records. These attributes are at the core of strong public and private sector relationships in infrastructure PPP projects delivery, and significantly mitigate the high rate of terminations and failures in PPP contracts. The adoption of Blockchain-enabled Smart Contracts (BSC) has the potential to improve the relationship between stakeholders and PPP project performance. This study leveraged the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) framework to assess the factors driving the adoption of smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from global experts. With 97 usable data and a reliability coefficient of 0.923, the gathered data was analysed using the Relative Important Index (RII) and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that technology factors have a greater influence on smart contract adoption decisions, followed by organisational and environmental factors. These factors have a strong and significant impact on the intention to adopt smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. This study contributes to the quest to digitalise infrastructure PPP contracts/projects.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology - ICICT 2025
Editors	Xin-She Yang, Simon Sherratt, Nilanjan Dey, Amit Joshi
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	471-483
Number of pages	13
ISBN (Print)	9789819664344
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37
State	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes
Event	10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, ICICT 2025 - London, United Kingdom Duration: 18 Feb 2025 → 21 Feb 2025

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Volume	1413 LNNS
ISSN (Print)	2367-3370
ISSN (Electronic)	2367-3389

Conference

Conference	10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, ICICT 2025
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	London
Period	18/02/25 → 21/02/25

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

Keywords

Blockchain technology
Global experts
Infrastructure projects
PPP
Project failures/terminations
Smart contracts

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Control and Systems Engineering
Signal Processing
Computer Networks and Communications

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Cite this

Eze, E. C., & Ameyaw, E. E. (2025). Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. In X.-S. Yang, S. Sherratt, N. Dey, & A. Joshi (Eds.), Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology - ICICT 2025 (pp. 471-483). (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems; Vol. 1413 LNNS). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Eze, Emmanuel Chidiebere ; Ameyaw, Ernest Effah. / Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects : Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology - ICICT 2025. editor / Xin-She Yang ; Simon Sherratt ; Nilanjan Dey ; Amit Joshi. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025. pp. 471-483 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems).

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title = "Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework",

abstract = "Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects still adopt traditional, paper-based contracting systems that cannot guarantee trust, transparency among project parties, and the immutability of data and project records. These attributes are at the core of strong public and private sector relationships in infrastructure PPP projects delivery, and significantly mitigate the high rate of terminations and failures in PPP contracts. The adoption of Blockchain-enabled Smart Contracts (BSC) has the potential to improve the relationship between stakeholders and PPP project performance. This study leveraged the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) framework to assess the factors driving the adoption of smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from global experts. With 97 usable data and a reliability coefficient of 0.923, the gathered data was analysed using the Relative Important Index (RII) and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that technology factors have a greater influence on smart contract adoption decisions, followed by organisational and environmental factors. These factors have a strong and significant impact on the intention to adopt smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. This study contributes to the quest to digitalise infrastructure PPP contracts/projects.",

keywords = "Blockchain technology, Global experts, Infrastructure projects, PPP, Project failures/terminations, Smart contracts",

author = "Eze, \{Emmanuel Chidiebere\} and Ameyaw, \{Ernest Effah\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.; 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, ICICT 2025 ; Conference date: 18-02-2025 Through 21-02-2025",

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Eze, EC & Ameyaw, EE 2025, Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. in X-S Yang, S Sherratt, N Dey & A Joshi (eds), Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology - ICICT 2025. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 1413 LNNS, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 471-483, 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, ICICT 2025, London, United Kingdom, 18/02/25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. / Eze, Emmanuel Chidiebere; Ameyaw, Ernest Effah.
Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology - ICICT 2025. ed. / Xin-She Yang; Simon Sherratt; Nilanjan Dey; Amit Joshi. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025. p. 471-483 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems; Vol. 1413 LNNS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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T2 - 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, ICICT 2025

AU - Eze, Emmanuel Chidiebere

AU - Ameyaw, Ernest Effah

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects still adopt traditional, paper-based contracting systems that cannot guarantee trust, transparency among project parties, and the immutability of data and project records. These attributes are at the core of strong public and private sector relationships in infrastructure PPP projects delivery, and significantly mitigate the high rate of terminations and failures in PPP contracts. The adoption of Blockchain-enabled Smart Contracts (BSC) has the potential to improve the relationship between stakeholders and PPP project performance. This study leveraged the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) framework to assess the factors driving the adoption of smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from global experts. With 97 usable data and a reliability coefficient of 0.923, the gathered data was analysed using the Relative Important Index (RII) and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that technology factors have a greater influence on smart contract adoption decisions, followed by organisational and environmental factors. These factors have a strong and significant impact on the intention to adopt smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. This study contributes to the quest to digitalise infrastructure PPP contracts/projects.

AB - Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects still adopt traditional, paper-based contracting systems that cannot guarantee trust, transparency among project parties, and the immutability of data and project records. These attributes are at the core of strong public and private sector relationships in infrastructure PPP projects delivery, and significantly mitigate the high rate of terminations and failures in PPP contracts. The adoption of Blockchain-enabled Smart Contracts (BSC) has the potential to improve the relationship between stakeholders and PPP project performance. This study leveraged the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) framework to assess the factors driving the adoption of smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from global experts. With 97 usable data and a reliability coefficient of 0.923, the gathered data was analysed using the Relative Important Index (RII) and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that technology factors have a greater influence on smart contract adoption decisions, followed by organisational and environmental factors. These factors have a strong and significant impact on the intention to adopt smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. This study contributes to the quest to digitalise infrastructure PPP contracts/projects.

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SN - 9789819664344

T3 - Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

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BT - Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology - ICICT 2025

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PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

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Eze EC, Ameyaw EE. Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. In Yang XS, Sherratt S, Dey N, Joshi A, editors, Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology - ICICT 2025. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2025. p. 471-483. (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems). doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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Cite this