Bi₂S₃ nanorods supported on eggshell membrane electrodes for supercapacitor applications

A simple one-step hydrothermal process was employed to develop a favorable class of materials toward energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. The electrode material was characterized using state-of-the-art techniques, along with electrochemical parameters, including galvanostatic charge–discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, toward investigate energy storage behaviors, such as specific capacitance (C_sp), power density, and energy density. Scalable Bi₂S₃ nanorods deposited on eggshell membrane electrodes (ESMEs) exhibit a much greater C_sp of 580.61 F/g on 1 A/g. Calculated energy densities are 29.3, 22.7, 18.8, and 15.0 W h/kg, whereas the power densities are 263.1, 349.3, 663.1, and 870.0 W/kg at 1, 2, 5, and with 10 A/g, respectively. These impressive conclusions are attributed to the enhanced electroactive surface area of Bi₂S₃/ESME (625 cm²). The unique structure of these materials, featuring a substantial surface area (78.3 cm²/g), contributes to this enhanced performance. The findings of this study could inform new strategies for boosting the performance of future applications.