Benzoxazine-linked polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane: 3D porous organic-inorganic polymer for improved CO2 capture and supercapacitor performance

Mohsin Ejaz; Mohamed Gamal Mohamed; Shiao Wei Kuo

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106098

Benzoxazine-linked polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane: 3D porous organic-inorganic polymer for improved CO₂ capture and supercapacitor performance

Mohsin Ejaz
, Mohamed Gamal Mohamed^*
, Shiao Wei Kuo

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) porous organic polymers (POPs) are known for high surface areas, customizable porous architectures, and remarkable durability, making them highly attractive for energy storage, catalysis, gas separation, and environmental remediation applications. Despite significant advancements in the field, synthesizing benzoxazine-based 3D porous organic polymers incorporating octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVS) remains unexplored. Methods: In this study, we present the synthesis of a novel 3D benzoxazine-linked porous organic-inorganic polymer (OVS-DHBZ POIP) through a Heck coupling reaction between a brominated benzoxazine monomer (DHBZ-Br₂) and OVS. The chemical structures of DHBZ-Br₂ and the resulting OVS-DHBZ POIP were confirmed using ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. Significant Findings: The specific surface area (S_BET) of OVS-DHBZ POIP, determined via N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, was 690 m² g^-1. After undergoing solid-state ring-opening polymerization (ROP), the poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) displayed an increased S_BET of 762 m² g^-1. Thermal stability analysis revealed that poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) exhibited a significantly enhanced decomposition temperature (T_d10) of 665 °C with a char yield of 86 wt%, setting a benchmark for benzoxazine-based POPs in terms of surface area and thermal stability. Moreover, poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) demonstrated impressive CO₂ capture capabilities, with adsorption capacities of 1.03 mmol g⁻¹ at 298 K and 1.68 mmol g⁻¹ at 273 K. When evaluated supercapacitor performance, the material achieved a specific capacitance of 58 F g⁻¹. The outstanding properties of poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) can be attributed to phenolic groups and Mannich bridges, which facilitate robust intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. These interactions contribute to its enhanced surface area, exceptional thermal stability, and superior electrochemical and CO₂ capture performance. This study underscores the potential of poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) as a multifunctional material for advanced energy storage systems and sustainable CO₂ capture technologies.

Original language	English
Article number	106098
Journal	Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106098
State	Accepted/In press - 2025
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 13 Climate Action

Keywords

Benzoxazine
CO capture
POSS
Porous organic-inorganic polymer
Supercapacitor

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
General Chemical Engineering

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106098

Cite this

@article{4d0095d1f5d94d5a8c25005c02153dce,

title = "Benzoxazine-linked polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane: 3D porous organic-inorganic polymer for improved CO2 capture and supercapacitor performance",

abstract = "Background: Three-dimensional (3D) porous organic polymers (POPs) are known for high surface areas, customizable porous architectures, and remarkable durability, making them highly attractive for energy storage, catalysis, gas separation, and environmental remediation applications. Despite significant advancements in the field, synthesizing benzoxazine-based 3D porous organic polymers incorporating octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVS) remains unexplored. Methods: In this study, we present the synthesis of a novel 3D benzoxazine-linked porous organic-inorganic polymer (OVS-DHBZ POIP) through a Heck coupling reaction between a brominated benzoxazine monomer (DHBZ-Br2) and OVS. The chemical structures of DHBZ-Br2 and the resulting OVS-DHBZ POIP were confirmed using 1H and 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. Significant Findings: The specific surface area (SBET) of OVS-DHBZ POIP, determined via N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, was 690 m2 g-1. After undergoing solid-state ring-opening polymerization (ROP), the poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) displayed an increased SBET of 762 m2 g-1. Thermal stability analysis revealed that poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) exhibited a significantly enhanced decomposition temperature (Td10) of 665 °C with a char yield of 86 wt\%, setting a benchmark for benzoxazine-based POPs in terms of surface area and thermal stability. Moreover, poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) demonstrated impressive CO₂ capture capabilities, with adsorption capacities of 1.03 mmol g⁻¹ at 298 K and 1.68 mmol g⁻¹ at 273 K. When evaluated supercapacitor performance, the material achieved a specific capacitance of 58 F g⁻¹. The outstanding properties of poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) can be attributed to phenolic groups and Mannich bridges, which facilitate robust intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. These interactions contribute to its enhanced surface area, exceptional thermal stability, and superior electrochemical and CO2 capture performance. This study underscores the potential of poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) as a multifunctional material for advanced energy storage systems and sustainable CO2 capture technologies.",

keywords = "Benzoxazine, CO capture, POSS, Porous organic-inorganic polymer, Supercapacitor",

author = "Mohsin Ejaz and Mohamed, \{Mohamed Gamal\} and Kuo, \{Shiao Wei\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106098",

language = "English",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Benzoxazine-linked polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

T2 - 3D porous organic-inorganic polymer for improved CO2 capture and supercapacitor performance

AU - Ejaz, Mohsin

AU - Mohamed, Mohamed Gamal

AU - Kuo, Shiao Wei

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Background: Three-dimensional (3D) porous organic polymers (POPs) are known for high surface areas, customizable porous architectures, and remarkable durability, making them highly attractive for energy storage, catalysis, gas separation, and environmental remediation applications. Despite significant advancements in the field, synthesizing benzoxazine-based 3D porous organic polymers incorporating octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVS) remains unexplored. Methods: In this study, we present the synthesis of a novel 3D benzoxazine-linked porous organic-inorganic polymer (OVS-DHBZ POIP) through a Heck coupling reaction between a brominated benzoxazine monomer (DHBZ-Br2) and OVS. The chemical structures of DHBZ-Br2 and the resulting OVS-DHBZ POIP were confirmed using 1H and 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. Significant Findings: The specific surface area (SBET) of OVS-DHBZ POIP, determined via N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, was 690 m2 g-1. After undergoing solid-state ring-opening polymerization (ROP), the poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) displayed an increased SBET of 762 m2 g-1. Thermal stability analysis revealed that poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) exhibited a significantly enhanced decomposition temperature (Td10) of 665 °C with a char yield of 86 wt%, setting a benchmark for benzoxazine-based POPs in terms of surface area and thermal stability. Moreover, poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) demonstrated impressive CO₂ capture capabilities, with adsorption capacities of 1.03 mmol g⁻¹ at 298 K and 1.68 mmol g⁻¹ at 273 K. When evaluated supercapacitor performance, the material achieved a specific capacitance of 58 F g⁻¹. The outstanding properties of poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) can be attributed to phenolic groups and Mannich bridges, which facilitate robust intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. These interactions contribute to its enhanced surface area, exceptional thermal stability, and superior electrochemical and CO2 capture performance. This study underscores the potential of poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) as a multifunctional material for advanced energy storage systems and sustainable CO2 capture technologies.

AB - Background: Three-dimensional (3D) porous organic polymers (POPs) are known for high surface areas, customizable porous architectures, and remarkable durability, making them highly attractive for energy storage, catalysis, gas separation, and environmental remediation applications. Despite significant advancements in the field, synthesizing benzoxazine-based 3D porous organic polymers incorporating octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVS) remains unexplored. Methods: In this study, we present the synthesis of a novel 3D benzoxazine-linked porous organic-inorganic polymer (OVS-DHBZ POIP) through a Heck coupling reaction between a brominated benzoxazine monomer (DHBZ-Br2) and OVS. The chemical structures of DHBZ-Br2 and the resulting OVS-DHBZ POIP were confirmed using 1H and 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. Significant Findings: The specific surface area (SBET) of OVS-DHBZ POIP, determined via N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, was 690 m2 g-1. After undergoing solid-state ring-opening polymerization (ROP), the poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) displayed an increased SBET of 762 m2 g-1. Thermal stability analysis revealed that poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) exhibited a significantly enhanced decomposition temperature (Td10) of 665 °C with a char yield of 86 wt%, setting a benchmark for benzoxazine-based POPs in terms of surface area and thermal stability. Moreover, poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) demonstrated impressive CO₂ capture capabilities, with adsorption capacities of 1.03 mmol g⁻¹ at 298 K and 1.68 mmol g⁻¹ at 273 K. When evaluated supercapacitor performance, the material achieved a specific capacitance of 58 F g⁻¹. The outstanding properties of poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) can be attributed to phenolic groups and Mannich bridges, which facilitate robust intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. These interactions contribute to its enhanced surface area, exceptional thermal stability, and superior electrochemical and CO2 capture performance. This study underscores the potential of poly(OVS-DHBZ POIP) as a multifunctional material for advanced energy storage systems and sustainable CO2 capture technologies.

KW - Benzoxazine

KW - CO capture

KW - POSS

KW - Porous organic-inorganic polymer

KW - Supercapacitor

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105000912660

U2 - 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106098

DO - 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106098

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105000912660

SN - 1876-1070

JO - Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

JF - Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

M1 - 106098

ER -