Assessment of the ecological status of Cala Iris Bay (Northern Morocco): First characterization and classification according to a multiparametric approach

This study reflects the characteristic features of the coastal regions in Cala Iris Bay and the impacts of human activities through a multiparametric approach. The eutrophication status of coastal zones was assessed using various tools, including the trophic index (TRIX), eutrophication index (EI), and the Redfield ratio. The TRIX index ranged from 3.53 to 5.49, indicating oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. EI values ranged from 0.22 to 1.4, indicating good to poor seawater quality. The Redfield ratio consistently showed N/P values below 16, indicating nitrogen limitation. Variation in microbial indicators (fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and Escherichia coli) revealed higher values in autumn and winter and lower values in summer, with distribution governed by water temperature, salinity, and ammonium. These results provide a scientific basis for developing better management strategies to ensure sustainable aquaculture development in Cala Iris Bay and along the Moroccan Mediterranean coast.