Assessment of physicochemical characteristics in groundwater quality parameters

The assessment of groundwater quality was carried out by fetching the groundwater samples from different locations of Tandojam. The physicochemical parameters of groundwater samples were assessed to determine their quality and suitability for usage. The findings of the study have comprehensively demonstrated the presence of high quantity physicochemical parameters in most of the areas in contrast to guidelines values by the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for drinking water. Only Boron from all locations was best suitable within the limits of the guidelines. However, TDS, pH, EC, TH, turbidity, Cl ion, Al, SO₄²⁻, and NO₃⁻ were exceeding the WHO guidelines in most of the locations, and the quantified values were noticed within the limits only in few locations. Moreover, the TDS concentration of the Sindh Agriculture University colony was within the limits. In the Garibabad colony, Shahi Bazar, and Pakistani Chowk, the condition of the water is very displeasing because samples from these areas contained salty taste as well as high hardness. The correlation analysis among different parameters showed that as the correlations between parameters became weaker, the observed values became insignificant. The linear regression analysis was done as well as models were developed for predicting the concentration of groundwater quality parameters. A significantly positive correlation at 1% and 5% was found between many parameters. The regression model of turbidity presented a maximum value of 0.948% of the observed variability.