Assessing Construction Robotic Applications Using an Expert-Based Delphi Approach

The construction industry has increasingly leveraged autonomous systems to enhance efficiency, safety, and productivity across various construction processes. Autonomous systems are defined as systems capable of making decisions related to specific functions while following predefined or adaptive movement paths. Over the past decades, such systems have gained significant momentum, with applications expanding across numerous industries - particularly in logistics and delivery operations - while adoption in other industries, such as the construction industry, has remained limited despite a pressing need. Construction project delivery remains more labor-intensive compared to other industries, relying heavily on human labor for complex and physically demanding tasks. This study examines the application of autonomous systems within the construction industry, with a particular focus on construction robotics. The study identifies eight key process areas (KPAs) and systematically maps relevant literature on robotic technologies to these application areas in construction. The study synthesizes existing literature and identifies key drivers and limitations associated with each application. Finally, the study concludes by offering future insights and research directions for the integration and advancement of autonomous systems in construction projects.