Applications of layered double hydroxides based electrochemical sensors for determination of environmental pollutants: A review

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are getting considerable attention as electrode modifiers in electrochemical sensing applications. They are unique materials because of their two-dimensional structures, highly tunable interior architecture, excellent ion exchange capabilities, reasonable interlayer spaces, and high porosities. They are easy to synthesize from commonly available inorganic precursors. In electrochemical sensing, they provide a stable environment for immobilization of the enzymes or other sensing materials. LDHs have been used both in pure form or in combination with other materials to address certain issues in electrochemical sensing. LDHs modified electrodes may also improve sensitivity and selectivity toward the detection of certain target analytes by pre-concentrating/accumulating target species. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements in LDH based electrochemical sensors for environmental analysis.