Analytical methods for mercury speciation, detection, and measurement in water, oil, and gas

Mercury related compounds are released in massive and alarming amounts due to increased human activities such as the processing of hydrocarbons in the petroleum industry. The contamination due to mercury compounds is commonly found in various oxidation forms of mercury species at low levels of concentration. The various methods for determining and separating mercury species have been widely reported. In this review, we reported the comprehensive detection and removal methods for Hg in several phases: specifically, water, oil, and gas. Generally, the detection and measurement methods used depend on the characteristics and the mercury speciation. In addition, innovative technologies for the detection and measurement of mercury speciation are also presented with regard to environmental considerations. This review stands as a comprehensive reference for researchers from both academia and industry to consider for the development of detection and measurement methods that are appropriate and effective.