Analysis of outage performance in a 6G-V2X communications system utilising free-space optical quantum key distribution

Quantum-based technologies will provide system engineers with new capabilities for securing data communications. The UK AirQKD project has implemented a Free-Space Optical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system to enable the continuous generation of symmetric encryption keys. One of the use cases for the generated keys is to secure Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications. V2X applications would benefit from the certificate-free security provided by QKD for a post-quantum society. How FSO-QKD could integrate into a V2X architecture is examined. An overview of V2X is provided with the role that FSO-QKD could secure V2X data though some obstacles exist. One of the issues with 6G communications is the potential line-of-sight (LOS) considerations between the V2X devices. The modelling required for LOS is examined to analyse the outage performance of the building to infrastructure links in the 6G architecture. The results from the model show that further work is required if 6G LOS communications are going to be relied upon for future safety-critical V2X applications.