An Overview of Materials Used in Solar and Wind Power Technologies

This work provides a comprehensive overview of material used in solar and wind power technologies, which are critical for mitigating climate change and transitioning toward a sustainable energy future. It examines innovative materials that revolutionize both sectors. The work explores breakthroughs in photovoltaic (PV) cell materials for solar energy, specifically focusing on third-generation solar cells. These novel materials demonstrate considerable potential for achieving higher efficiencies than those of their traditional first- and second-generation counterparts. Additionally, this overview examines the advancements in materials for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, including those used for mirrors, receivers, heat transfer fluids (HTF), coatings, and thermal energy storage. For wind energy, the study discusses the diverse materials employed in modern wind turbine construction. This includes innovative materials used in blades to improve their efficiency and lifespan, as well as materials used for wind turbine foundations, particularly those deployed in challenging offshore environments. By providing insights into these advancements, research trends, and challenges, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and stakeholders in the renewable energy sector. It equips them with the knowledge to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of solar and wind power and contributes to a cleaner energy future.