An Overview Geoheritage of AlUla, Saudi Arabia: From World Heritage Site to Potential Global Geotourism Destination

Globally, the geoheritage of sandstone landscapes such as mesa, butte, pinnacle, yardang, and rock pedestals is widely documented and showcased as geosites, although not thoroughly explored and recognized in all countries. The similar sandstone landscapes that are spread across AlUla, north-western part of Saudi Arabia, have only recently been recognized for their geotourism potential. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of the key landform features to assess their potential geoheritage value. The landscapes and landforms of AlUla are appropriate sites for studying the evolution of the tableland features and associated geomorphic processes. The large mesa structures are dissected by vertical faults, where gradual weathering and erosion break down the rock blocks and form the butte. Further degradation forms the pinnacle, which resembles a rock pillar, and more erosion forms the rock pedestal. Such landforms are well-conserved, as several sites are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, and are well protected by the local authority. The archaeological and biodiversity importance enhances the geoheritage value of this sandstone landscape. Geotourism undoubtedly provides the opportunity for the local community, tourists, and academics to visualize and gain a greater understanding and appreciation of the aesthetics of the sandstone landscape of AlUla.