An Optimization Model for Sizing a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind-Grid-Connected System in Saudi Arabia

This paper proposes a new optimization model based on mixed-integer linear programming approach for sizing a solar-wind-grid-connected system. The proposed hybrid system aims to supply load demand for an industrial facility in Saudi Arabia. The developed model determines the optimal number of photovoltaic modules and wind turbines, as well as the optimal hourly energy obtained from the grid and hourly excess energy produced by the system and sold to the grid. The model findings show that 77 photovoltaic modules and 7 wind turbines in addition to the grid are needed to satisfy the load demand. The system produces 450,734 kWh annually which represents 82% of the annual load consumption. Also, the system produces surplus energy of 72,752 kWh which accounts to $6,184 as an income to the industrial facility. The case study is enriched by considering off-grid photovoltaic-wind system with battery storage. The results show that incorporating battery storage increases the cost of energy of the hybrid system. However, the off-grid photovoltaic-wind system shows promising results when considering environmental issues as it will displace around of 279,800 kg of carbon dioxide per year compared to the grid-connected system that will displace around 225,768 kg of carbon dioxide per year. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the effect of the electricity cost on the optimal system design and the cost of energy obtained from the hybrid system.