An investigation on titanium doping in reduced graphene oxide by RF magnetron sputtering for dye-sensitized solar cells

Foo Wah Low; Chin Wei Lai; Nilofar Asim; Md Akhtaruzzaman; Mohammad Alghoul; Sieh Kiong Tiong; Nowshad Amin

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.069

An investigation on titanium doping in reduced graphene oxide by RF magnetron sputtering for dye-sensitized solar cells

Foo Wah Low^*, Chin Wei Lai, Nilofar Asim, Md Akhtaruzzaman, Mohammad Alghoul, Sieh Kiong Tiong, Nowshad Amin

^*Corresponding author for this work

Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

A study investigating the effects of titanium (Ti)atoms sputtered from different sources on substrate distance was attempted in order to effectively dope a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)thin film surface. Factors such as crystallinity, morphology, phase formation, light absorption, and surface chemical state of rGO-TiO₂ were investigated. As a result, functional groups or chemical states revealed the presence of Ti-O-C in rGO-TiO₂ nanocomposite after the sputtering process. The titanium source from the target was of Ti³⁺ species as determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that average sized Ti³⁺ ions of around 59.4 nm were incorporated into the rGO nanosheet. A customized Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)device was fabricated with the photo-anode consisting of sputtered rGO-TiO₂ nanocomposite. After optimization, the Ti target allocated with 10 cm-apart FTO glass-coated rGO nanosheet and 0.67 cm² active area exhibited an ideal PCE of 6.60%, which is remarkably higher than the usual 5 cm sputtering distance the sample (1.90%)had achieved.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	10-18
Number of pages	9
Journal	Solar Energy
Volume	188
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.069
State	Published - Aug 2019

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019

Keywords

Doping
Dye-sensitized solar cells
RF magnetron sputtering
Reduced graphene oxide
Titanium dioxide

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
General Materials Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.069

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title = "An investigation on titanium doping in reduced graphene oxide by RF magnetron sputtering for dye-sensitized solar cells",

abstract = "A study investigating the effects of titanium (Ti)atoms sputtered from different sources on substrate distance was attempted in order to effectively dope a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)thin film surface. Factors such as crystallinity, morphology, phase formation, light absorption, and surface chemical state of rGO-TiO2 were investigated. As a result, functional groups or chemical states revealed the presence of Ti-O-C in rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite after the sputtering process. The titanium source from the target was of Ti3+ species as determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that average sized Ti3+ ions of around 59.4 nm were incorporated into the rGO nanosheet. A customized Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)device was fabricated with the photo-anode consisting of sputtered rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite. After optimization, the Ti target allocated with 10 cm-apart FTO glass-coated rGO nanosheet and 0.67 cm2 active area exhibited an ideal PCE of 6.60\%, which is remarkably higher than the usual 5 cm sputtering distance the sample (1.90\%)had achieved.",

keywords = "Doping, Dye-sensitized solar cells, RF magnetron sputtering, Reduced graphene oxide, Titanium dioxide",

author = "Low, \{Foo Wah\} and Lai, \{Chin Wei\} and Nilofar Asim and Md Akhtaruzzaman and Mohammad Alghoul and Tiong, \{Sieh Kiong\} and Nowshad Amin",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019",

year = "2019",

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doi = "10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.069",

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AU - Low, Foo Wah

AU - Lai, Chin Wei

AU - Asim, Nilofar

AU - Akhtaruzzaman, Md

AU - Alghoul, Mohammad

AU - Tiong, Sieh Kiong

AU - Amin, Nowshad

PY - 2019/8

Y1 - 2019/8

N2 - A study investigating the effects of titanium (Ti)atoms sputtered from different sources on substrate distance was attempted in order to effectively dope a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)thin film surface. Factors such as crystallinity, morphology, phase formation, light absorption, and surface chemical state of rGO-TiO2 were investigated. As a result, functional groups or chemical states revealed the presence of Ti-O-C in rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite after the sputtering process. The titanium source from the target was of Ti3+ species as determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that average sized Ti3+ ions of around 59.4 nm were incorporated into the rGO nanosheet. A customized Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)device was fabricated with the photo-anode consisting of sputtered rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite. After optimization, the Ti target allocated with 10 cm-apart FTO glass-coated rGO nanosheet and 0.67 cm2 active area exhibited an ideal PCE of 6.60%, which is remarkably higher than the usual 5 cm sputtering distance the sample (1.90%)had achieved.

AB - A study investigating the effects of titanium (Ti)atoms sputtered from different sources on substrate distance was attempted in order to effectively dope a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)thin film surface. Factors such as crystallinity, morphology, phase formation, light absorption, and surface chemical state of rGO-TiO2 were investigated. As a result, functional groups or chemical states revealed the presence of Ti-O-C in rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite after the sputtering process. The titanium source from the target was of Ti3+ species as determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that average sized Ti3+ ions of around 59.4 nm were incorporated into the rGO nanosheet. A customized Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)device was fabricated with the photo-anode consisting of sputtered rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite. After optimization, the Ti target allocated with 10 cm-apart FTO glass-coated rGO nanosheet and 0.67 cm2 active area exhibited an ideal PCE of 6.60%, which is remarkably higher than the usual 5 cm sputtering distance the sample (1.90%)had achieved.

KW - Doping

KW - Dye-sensitized solar cells

KW - RF magnetron sputtering

KW - Reduced graphene oxide

KW - Titanium dioxide

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DO - 10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.069

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85066259028

SN - 0038-092X

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JO - Solar Energy

JF - Solar Energy

ER -

An investigation on titanium doping in reduced graphene oxide by RF magnetron sputtering for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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