An Innovative Application of Nano-Zeolite for Soft Soil Stabilization: A Comprehensive Experimental Study

Soft soil, characterized by high water content, low shear strength, and high compressibility, poses significant engineering challenges in foundation and infrastructure projects. This study investigates the application of nano-zeolite (NZ) as a sustainable soil stabilizer to enhance geomechanical behavior effectively. Experimental investigations, including consistency limit, soil-density relation, shear strength parameters, and plate load settlement analysis tests on different dosages of NZ and curing periods were conducted. The results show that NZ incorporation significantly improves soil mechanical properties by reducing porosity, increasing compressive strength, and improving durability. A 1% NZ dosage led to a 4.9-times increase in UCS and 60% reduction in settlement under load after 28 days. An optimal NZ dosage was identified, yielding substantial improvements in bearing capacity, deformation behavior, and overall mechanical performance. Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of new crystalline phases (Kaolinite and Albite) and spindle-shaped structures in stabilized soil, indicating activated pozzolanic bonding and improved interparticle cohesion. Plate load test load-deflection responses were further validated through numerical simulations using PLAXIS software, revealing a consistent agreement with experimental outcomes. This study underscore NZ’s potential as eco-friendly and effective alternative to traditional binders, offering a sustainable solution to enhance soil performance in various geotechnical applications.