Allocation of plug-in electric vehicle charging station with integrated solar powered distributed generation using an adaptive particle swarm optimization

One of the industries that use fossil fuels most frequently worldwide is transportation. Therefore, electrifying the transportation system, such as the creation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV), has become essential to reducing the effects of carbon dioxide emissions and using less traditional energy supplies that are not ecologically friendly. PEV deployment must be flawless, necessitating a well-developed charging infrastructure. The best location for fast charging stations (FCSs) is a crucial issue. As a result, this article offers a practical method for choosing the best site for FCSs using the east delta network (EDN). When transportation is made electric, the infrastructure of the electrical distribution network may also need to be changed. Therefore, when adopting FCSs, three factors need to be considered: actual power loss, reactive power loss, and investment cost. The energy demand from the electrical grid is also increased by including FCSs in the power distribution network. To lessen the impact of FCSs on the system, this research report suggests integrating photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) at certain places in the distribution network. Consequently, the system becomes dependable and self-sustaining. After deploying the FCSs and PVDGs, the distribution system’s dependability is also examined. Six case studies (CS) have also been suggested for deploying FCSs with or without DG integration. As a result, the CS-6’s active power loss decreased from 1015.38 to 830.58 kW.