AI Tools for Energy Management: Revolutionising Smart Grids, Microgrids, Homes and Renewables

The global energy sector is undergoing a significant transformation driven by technological advancements and the increasing demand for sustainability, efficiency and resilience. The integration of renewable and conventional energy sources has introduced new complexities in energy management, necessitating intelligent and adaptive solutions. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key enabler for optimising and managing modern energy systems through enhanced decision-making, predictive analytics and automation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state and evolving role of AI in energy management, with a focus on its applications in smart grid optimisation, microgrid (MG) control and energy consumption management at both industrial and residential levels. The study examines how AI addresses critical challenges such as renewable energy intermittency, demand forecasting and grid stability. Furthermore, it discusses the advantages, limitations and emerging trends associated with AI-driven energy systems. The findings highlight the potential of AI to transform traditional energy infrastructures into intelligent, adaptive and resilient networks capable of meeting future energy demands in a sustainable manner.