Advances in sulphite ion detection via different analytical techniques using modified metal and metal doped metal oxides nanoparticles

The paper concisely presents the advancement that has been made in colorimetric, electrochemical, chemiluminescence, and amperometric determination of sulphite (SO₃^2-) in various areas using different non-enzymatic metal and metal-oxide sensors modified with different carbonaceous materials (like polymers, bio-molecules, Transition metals). Modified metal NPs showed a high extinction coefficient that mainly depends on their morphology, with up to 100% recovery. Amongst colorimetric methods and conductive polymers modified NPs exhibit better results against sulphite ion detection with a low limit of detection (in the nanometer range). Furthermore, following an introduction, the first section covers metal-oxides NPs, the preparation methods of some NPs, and characterizations. The next section discusses colorimetric, electrochemical, chemiluminescence, and amperometric methods. Several tables are presented that give overviews of different modified metal-oxides NPs against SO₃^2- in various areas. The concluding sections cover recent challenges and discuss future trends and prospects.