Advancements in energy-active window systems: A comprehensive review

The present study investigates advancements in energy-active window (EAW) technologies, emphasizing their influence on building energy efficiency. It evaluates the energy and thermal performance of different EAW window systems. The study employed a rigorous screening procedure, examining 75 publications, leading to a detailed analysis of 31 research papers. Results show that various EAW systems have different energy savings and U-values. Dual airflow EAW systems can save the most energy (up to 78 %) and have the lowest U-value (0.3 W/m²K) in supply air windows, making them the most thermally efficient. The study identified research gaps, such as more consistent testing conditions and investigating novel materials to enhance window performance. Existing literature mostly focuses on solutions in temperate and colder regions, providing insufficient information for hot and humid climate scenarios. This study's novelty lies in its thorough examination, providing perspectives on the present condition and projected trajectories of EAW technologies. The findings will be valuable for researchers, architects, building envelope designers, policymakers, and organizations involved in developing building performance evaluation ratings, standards, and regulations.