Advanced optical characterization techniques for perovskite solar cells

The revolutionary discovery of perovskite material-based solar cells has provided a wonderful third generation photovoltaic device. In the last few years, a very sharp boost in efficiency has been observed. In this chapter, we scrutinize the various optical characterization techniques to understand the numerous processes happening in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This chapter emphasizes the performance of PSCs through optical characterization, showcasing improved efficiency. Beginning with absorption techniques, challenges in achieving complete absorption are addressed alongside strategies like additives and anti-reflective layers. Steady-state and temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies offer insights into optical properties and phase transitions, including band gap energies and exciton dynamics. Observations such as red shifts in intensity with decreasing temperature underscore the complexity of perovskite behavior. Furthermore, analysis of emission mechanisms reveals limitations in charge carrier mobility and the impact of phonons and impurities. Interface effects on device performance are discussed, highlighting the intricate relationship between performance, carrier dynamics, and defects. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy further elucidates decay processes and intensity-dependent phenomena in PSCs, vital for optimization. This chapter concludes by emphasizing the vast potential for exploring perovskite materials to enhance device performance.