Advanced mechanisms of polymer-based drug delivery systems for clinical applications

Polymer-based drug delivery technologies have revolutionized modern therapeutics by enabling controlled, sustained, and targeted drug release. These systems employ diverse natural and synthetic polymers that engage with biological environments to exert therapeutic effects. The history of polymeric drug delivery systems, their classification, formulation techniques, mechanisms of action, and diverse applications across various disease conditions are essential for future advancements. Polymer chemistry has led to the development of stimuli-responsive polymers that release drugs in response to external triggers, such as pH, temperature, electricity, light, or ultrasound. Moreover, 3D printing technologies are increasingly employed to develop more complex, multifunctional, layered, polymer-based drug delivery systems. While polymer-based technologies have demonstrated remarkable potential in drug delivery, challenges like scalability, biocompatibility, and regulatory compliance persist. Interdisciplinary collaboration and multifaceted strategies can advance targeted treatments for life-threatening diseases and enhance quality of life through tissue regeneration.