Adjoint sensitivity analysis approach for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

This Letter proposes a novel adjoint sensitivity analysis approach for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which describes the light wave propagation in optical fiber communication systems. Using only one extra adjoint system simulation, all the sensitivities of a general objective function with respect to all fiber design parameters are estimated. We provide a full description of the solution to the derived adjoint problem. The accuracy and efficiency of our proposed algorithm are illustrated through optical fiber examples.