Adequate topology for efficient energy resources utilization of active distribution networks equipped with soft open points

Active distribution networks concerned with providing efficient control technologies for large-scale integration of distributed generation (DG) units into the distribution systems. This research proposes a methodology for distribution networks reconfiguration by controlling number, sharing, size, and location of DG units. Also, the soft-open points (SOPs) are added instead of the tie line switches. The SOPs are benefited with its high capability in controlling active/reactive power flow to enhance transmission system performance. The main target of this work is to increase the efficiency of energy utilization through minimizing the power system losses and improving system voltage profile while preserving all system constraints within permissible limits with reliable and flexible networks in normal and abnormal conditions with a suitable penetration level of DG. A modified particle swarm optimizer is developed to find the best system configuration, size, and placement of DG units as well as the size and allocation of SOPs. Research methodology is tested on two standards: the IEEE 33-node and 69-node distribution networks under different operating cases. This paper compares the obtained results with those in the literature to prove the capabilities of the proposed work. Finally, the suggested work pursues the optimal number of DG units with their appropriate penetration levels and selects the most convenient location of SOPs for adequate network reconfiguration.