Adaptive PI Control with Signal Synthesis for Robust Power System Frequency Regulation

This paper presents an adaptive PI-based controller for load-frequency regulation in power systems, designed to satisfy the hyper-stability criterion while accommodating parameter uncertainties. The approach uses only available state and output data without explicit parameter identification. It also assumes bounded disturbances and unknown but bounded system parameters. Simulations under different conditions demonstrate the controller's effectiveness. With a 1% fixed load change, it achieved a 3.6 s settling time and negligible undershoot. Even with 5 0% parameter variations, stability was preserved. Under varying load scenarios, the system maintained stability with maximum overshoot and undershoot of just 0.007 Hz and 0.0035 Hz, respectively. These results confirm the proposed controller's robustness and fast dynamic response across diverse operating conditions.