A technological review on emerging trends and future outlook of cutting-edge charger technologies for next-generation electric vehicles

The evolution of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has been expedited by multiple factors, including the exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves, environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel transport, increasing fuel costs, energy dependence, and improvements in battery charging technology and manufacturing methods. Projected growth and wide-scale acceptance of BEVs stimulate research and development of power electronic converters to acquire reliable, low-cost, and high-power battery charging solutions. In this paper, an in-depth review is carried out on various scientific aspects of power converter topologies for On-board and Off-board EV chargers available in the literature. First, the current and future global status of the BEVs and charger market is provided along with a comprehensive classification of various types of BEVs and BEV chargers. Then, a a critical and analytical comparative assessment of various isolated and non-isolated on-board topologies is performed based on fundamental and derived topologies. After that, state-of-the-art DC-DC converter topologies aiming at challenges, technical details, and the latest advancements for off-board chargers along with topologies of Ultra-Fast and wireless chargers are thoroughly reviewed and compared. Besides, control methods of power converters for EV chargers available in the literature are comprehensively detailed and examined. Next to last, future enhancement, research, and roadmap are provided. Ultimately, a summary and a short recommendation for further work are provided.