A systematic review of renewable energy integration in social housing and its impacts on affordability and community sustainability

There is growing interest in integrating renewable energy into social housing, both through retrofit programs and new construction projects. This study presents a systematic review of renewable energy technologies (RETs) applied in social housing and low-income contexts. The analysis examined the scope and contextual conditions of this integration, exploring how RETs contribute to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Relevant literature was systematically selected following the PRISMA method and analyzed through a mixed approach combining thematic categorization, bibliometric mapping, and a cross-variable analysis linking RETs with the different climatic zones, building typologies, and policy environments. Technologies such as photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, and heat pumps, often coupled with energy-efficient design and retrofitting practices, were found to significantly reduce operational costs for residents, enhance affordability, and promote environmental responsibility. The findings reveal that renewable energy integration in social housing generates interconnected environmental, social, and economic benefits, although certain technologies, such as wind and geothermal systems, remain underrepresented due to regulatory, technical, and financial barriers. Energy community initiatives are discussed as key drivers for the transition to renewable energy in urban areas. Beyond identifying technological trends, the study highlights the importance of policy support, user engagement, and affordability, particularly in addressing energy poverty among vulnerable populations. Despite well-documented environmental and economic advantages, research gaps persist concerning localized implementation models, socio-technical integration, and community participation. Future studies should focus on cross-sectoral frameworks, comparative policy assessments, and alternative housing strategies to foster equitable and context-sensitive deployment of renewable energy in social housing.