A simplified control algorithm for efficient and robust tracking of the maximum power point in PV systems

This article presents a novel two-stage simplified control algorithm designed to enhance the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) operation of PV systems while minimizing the complexity associated with it. A voltage-based hybrid beta-incremental conductance (hybrid-beta-INC) is developed in the first stage to determine the MPP voltage. The methodology behind this scheme is to first approach the neighborhood of the MPP through an intermediate variable β, which has a simple monotonically decreasing relationship with the PV voltage. Subsequently, the INC is employed to target the actual MPP voltage. The steady-state response of the PV system is thus maintained throughout this stage by the hybrid-beta-INC. In the second stage, a simplified parameter-less (SP) controller is proposed to regulate the underdamped dynamics of the PV. The system's stability as a whole is enhanced through the decoupling of these two phases. In contrast to currently available MPPT controllers, the proposed SP makes a significant contribution to the structural simplicity of the control framework by eliminating the need for adjustable parameters. Simplicity, enhanced control immunity and resilience to load disturbances and parametric uncertainties are the main attributes of the proposed controller. Its superior attributes over exiting controllers such as the P&O, INC, search space, and hybrid INC-integral backstepping nonlinear controllers, is affirmed on the basis of quantitative metrics such as the tracking time, ripples and efficiency. Finally, the performance of the proposed system is monitored under real-time environmental settings for three consecutive days, which confirms its resilience and dependability in tracking the MPP of the PV system under experimental conditions. The results showed that the controller is able to cope with climatic and load changes maintaining a robust response. It is unveiled that it maintains a minimum efficiency of 99.72% despite fluctuations in temperature. In the presence of continually changing irradiance conditions, the EN 50,530 test demonstrates an efficacy in excess of 99.95%.