A self-integration via dual-active mode structural-SC-TENG energy device for electrochemical energy storage and triboelectric energy harvesting

The structural supercapacitor with triboelectric nanogenerator (structural-SC-TENG) is a remarkable integrated energy device utilized for clean energy storage and harvesting. Here, we demonstrated the structural-SC-TENG device based on a multifunctional storage and harvester using dual-functional MoO₃ grown on a carbon cloth electrode (CC) via hydrothermal technique and physiochemical characterization revealed the formation of an orthorhombic phase of MoO₃. The FE-SEM morphological analysis confirms that the cubes-like peals were uniformly decorated on the CC surface in an upward and downward direction. The dual-functional MoO₃ grown on the CC electrode was used for the construction of the supercapacitor and TENG device which will act as a charge-storing electrode in the supercapacitor and charge-sharing electrode in TENG. The constructed MoO₃ SSC provides an excellent device capacitance of 97.86 F g⁻¹, energy density of 40.50 Wh kg⁻¹, and a high-power density of 28,125 W kg⁻¹ with remarkable cyclic life modeled/predicted via time series analysis (TSA) technique. On the other side, the TENG device constructed using MoO₃ on CC as the positive electrode (confirmed through KPFM analysis) and PDMS as the negative electrode exhibited a better electrical response with a high voltage and current of 55 V and 0.19 μA and delivered a peak power of 4.17 μW. This type of integrated device is splendid and possibly be used for self-powered sensors, smart IoTs, self-charging power systems, low-power electronics, and various indoor/outdoor environments.