A risk based heat exchanger analysis subject to fouling: Part I: Performance evaluation

Syed M. Zubair; Anwar K. Sheikh; Muhammad Younas; M. O. Budair

doi:10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00080-8

A risk based heat exchanger analysis subject to fouling: Part I: Performance evaluation

Syed M. Zubair^*, Anwar K. Sheikh, Muhammad Younas, M. O. Budair

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

44 Scopus citations

Abstract

Heat exchangers operating in the power and process industries are fouled to a greater or lesser extent depending on surface temperature, surface condition, material of construction, fluid velocity, flow geometry and fluid composition. This fouling phenomenon is time-dependent and will result in a decrease in the thermal effectiveness of a heat exchanger. Once the thermal effectiveness decreases to a minimum acceptable level, cleaning of the equipment becomes necessary to restore the performance. In this paper, we present a simple probabilistic approach to characterize various fouling models that are commonly encountered in many industrial processes. These random fouling growth models are then used to investigate the impact on risk-based thermal effectiveness, overall heat-transfer coefficient and the hot- and cold-fluid outlet temperatures of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. All the results are presented in a generalized form in order to demonstrate the generality of the risk-based procedure discussed in this paper.A heat transfer area (m²)Ċ fluid capacitance rate (W K^-1)C_r fluid capacitance ratio (C_r=Ċ_min/Ċ_max)f probability density function (h^-1)HTE heat transfer equipmentΔH enthalpy change (J)M median time (h)ṁ mass flow rate (kg h^-1)n number of shell passesNTU number of transfer units (NTU=UA/Ċ_min)P probabilityp risk levelQ̇ heat transfer rate (W)R_f fouling resistance (m² K W^-1)R_f,c critical fouling resistance (m² K W^-1)T temperature (K)t time (h)t_C time constant (h^-1)U overall heat-transfer coefficient (W m^-2 K^-1)Greek symbolsα scatter in timeε heat exchanger effectivenessΦ() cumulative normal distribution functionφ rate of deposition or removal (m² K J^-1)SubscriptsC clean conditionc cold fluidc,i cold-fluid inletc,o cold-fluid outletd depositionF fouled conditionf foulingh hot fluidh,i hot-fluid inleth,o hot-fluid outletmax maximummin minimumr removalSuperscripts* asymptotic valuen exponent for the power-law model

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	427-443
Number of pages	17
Journal	Energy
Volume	25
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00080-8
State	Published - May 2000

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the support provided by King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals through research project ME/Fouling/176.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Civil and Structural Engineering
Modeling and Simulation
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Building and Construction
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Pollution
Mechanical Engineering
General Energy
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00080-8

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@article{274701661bb54eeaa93e34b4975f8a1e,

title = "A risk based heat exchanger analysis subject to fouling: Part I: Performance evaluation",

abstract = "Heat exchangers operating in the power and process industries are fouled to a greater or lesser extent depending on surface temperature, surface condition, material of construction, fluid velocity, flow geometry and fluid composition. This fouling phenomenon is time-dependent and will result in a decrease in the thermal effectiveness of a heat exchanger. Once the thermal effectiveness decreases to a minimum acceptable level, cleaning of the equipment becomes necessary to restore the performance. In this paper, we present a simple probabilistic approach to characterize various fouling models that are commonly encountered in many industrial processes. These random fouling growth models are then used to investigate the impact on risk-based thermal effectiveness, overall heat-transfer coefficient and the hot- and cold-fluid outlet temperatures of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. All the results are presented in a generalized form in order to demonstrate the generality of the risk-based procedure discussed in this paper.A heat transfer area (m2)Ċ fluid capacitance rate (W K-1)Cr fluid capacitance ratio (Cr=Ċmin/Ċmax)f probability density function (h-1)HTE heat transfer equipmentΔH enthalpy change (J)M median time (h)ṁ mass flow rate (kg h-1)n number of shell passesNTU number of transfer units (NTU=UA/Ċmin)P probabilityp risk level{\.Q} heat transfer rate (W)Rf fouling resistance (m2 K W-1)Rf,c critical fouling resistance (m2 K W-1)T temperature (K)t time (h)tC time constant (h-1)U overall heat-transfer coefficient (W m-2 K-1)Greek symbolsα scatter in timeε heat exchanger effectivenessΦ() cumulative normal distribution functionφ rate of deposition or removal (m2 K J-1)SubscriptsC clean conditionc cold fluidc,i cold-fluid inletc,o cold-fluid outletd depositionF fouled conditionf foulingh hot fluidh,i hot-fluid inleth,o hot-fluid outletmax maximummin minimumr removalSuperscripts* asymptotic valuen exponent for the power-law model",

author = "Zubair, \{Syed M.\} and Sheikh, \{Anwar K.\} and Muhammad Younas and Budair, \{M. O.\}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the support provided by King Fahd University of Petroleum \& Minerals through research project ME/Fouling/176.",

year = "2000",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00080-8",

language = "English",

volume = "25",

pages = "427--443",

journal = "Energy",

issn = "0360-5442",

number = "5",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - A risk based heat exchanger analysis subject to fouling

T2 - Part I: Performance evaluation

AU - Zubair, Syed M.

AU - Sheikh, Anwar K.

AU - Younas, Muhammad

AU - Budair, M. O.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the support provided by King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals through research project ME/Fouling/176.

PY - 2000/5

Y1 - 2000/5

N2 - Heat exchangers operating in the power and process industries are fouled to a greater or lesser extent depending on surface temperature, surface condition, material of construction, fluid velocity, flow geometry and fluid composition. This fouling phenomenon is time-dependent and will result in a decrease in the thermal effectiveness of a heat exchanger. Once the thermal effectiveness decreases to a minimum acceptable level, cleaning of the equipment becomes necessary to restore the performance. In this paper, we present a simple probabilistic approach to characterize various fouling models that are commonly encountered in many industrial processes. These random fouling growth models are then used to investigate the impact on risk-based thermal effectiveness, overall heat-transfer coefficient and the hot- and cold-fluid outlet temperatures of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. All the results are presented in a generalized form in order to demonstrate the generality of the risk-based procedure discussed in this paper.A heat transfer area (m2)Ċ fluid capacitance rate (W K-1)Cr fluid capacitance ratio (Cr=Ċmin/Ċmax)f probability density function (h-1)HTE heat transfer equipmentΔH enthalpy change (J)M median time (h)ṁ mass flow rate (kg h-1)n number of shell passesNTU number of transfer units (NTU=UA/Ċmin)P probabilityp risk levelQ̇ heat transfer rate (W)Rf fouling resistance (m2 K W-1)Rf,c critical fouling resistance (m2 K W-1)T temperature (K)t time (h)tC time constant (h-1)U overall heat-transfer coefficient (W m-2 K-1)Greek symbolsα scatter in timeε heat exchanger effectivenessΦ() cumulative normal distribution functionφ rate of deposition or removal (m2 K J-1)SubscriptsC clean conditionc cold fluidc,i cold-fluid inletc,o cold-fluid outletd depositionF fouled conditionf foulingh hot fluidh,i hot-fluid inleth,o hot-fluid outletmax maximummin minimumr removalSuperscripts* asymptotic valuen exponent for the power-law model

AB - Heat exchangers operating in the power and process industries are fouled to a greater or lesser extent depending on surface temperature, surface condition, material of construction, fluid velocity, flow geometry and fluid composition. This fouling phenomenon is time-dependent and will result in a decrease in the thermal effectiveness of a heat exchanger. Once the thermal effectiveness decreases to a minimum acceptable level, cleaning of the equipment becomes necessary to restore the performance. In this paper, we present a simple probabilistic approach to characterize various fouling models that are commonly encountered in many industrial processes. These random fouling growth models are then used to investigate the impact on risk-based thermal effectiveness, overall heat-transfer coefficient and the hot- and cold-fluid outlet temperatures of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. All the results are presented in a generalized form in order to demonstrate the generality of the risk-based procedure discussed in this paper.A heat transfer area (m2)Ċ fluid capacitance rate (W K-1)Cr fluid capacitance ratio (Cr=Ċmin/Ċmax)f probability density function (h-1)HTE heat transfer equipmentΔH enthalpy change (J)M median time (h)ṁ mass flow rate (kg h-1)n number of shell passesNTU number of transfer units (NTU=UA/Ċmin)P probabilityp risk levelQ̇ heat transfer rate (W)Rf fouling resistance (m2 K W-1)Rf,c critical fouling resistance (m2 K W-1)T temperature (K)t time (h)tC time constant (h-1)U overall heat-transfer coefficient (W m-2 K-1)Greek symbolsα scatter in timeε heat exchanger effectivenessΦ() cumulative normal distribution functionφ rate of deposition or removal (m2 K J-1)SubscriptsC clean conditionc cold fluidc,i cold-fluid inletc,o cold-fluid outletd depositionF fouled conditionf foulingh hot fluidh,i hot-fluid inleth,o hot-fluid outletmax maximummin minimumr removalSuperscripts* asymptotic valuen exponent for the power-law model

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DO - 10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00080-8

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EP - 443

JO - Energy

JF - Energy

IS - 5

ER -

A risk based heat exchanger analysis subject to fouling: Part I: Performance evaluation

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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