A review of the properties of hybrid ceramic nanocomposites

Although monolithic ceramics have many desirable properties, such as high-Temperature resistance, excellent hardness, and chemical inertness, they also have limitations that can restrict their use in various applications. The limitations include, but are not limited to, low fracture toughness, low ductility, high electrical resistance, and low thermal conductivity. Researchers have been able to address some of these limitations by developing ceramic composites, nanocomposites, and hybrid nanocomposites. The later are ceramic matrices that incorporate two or more reinforcements. They represent an advanced class of materials that combine the excellent characteristics of monolithic ceramics and the outstanding properties of the reinforcements, offering exceptional mechanical, thermal, and functional properties for advanced applications. There are many comprehensive review papers on ceramic composites and nanocomposites, however, only one review paper on hybrid ceramic nanocomposites has been published, and it was dedicated solely to alumina-based nanocomposites prepared by spark plasma sintering. The aim of this work is to review the properties of hybrid ceramic nanocomposites, highlight their potential applications in various industries, and formulate directions for future research endeavors.