A review of the critical conditions required for effective hole cleaning while horizontal drilling

Horizontal drilling has become increasingly prevalent in the oil and gas industry due to its potential for enhanced reservoir recovery and reduced environmental impact. However, effective hole cleaning remains a critical challenge in horizontal drilling operations directly impacting drilling efficiency and overall project economics. This review paper aims to comprehensively analyze the critical conditions required for effective hole cleaning in horizontal drilling operations. It investigates the mechanics of cuttings transport within horizontal wells, analyzing the forces at play and various flow patterns. It discusses different methodologies, including empirical correlations, experimental studies, machine learning models, and modeling techniques, used to assess hole cleaning efficiency. Drawing from literature, industry guidelines, and case studies, the study identifies key factors such as fluid properties, wellbore geometry, and drilling parameters influencing hole cleaning efficiency. Challenges such as low annular velocity and complex lithology are highlighted, alongside technological downhole tools innovations. By synthesizing these findings, the paper underscores the importance of addressing these challenges to optimize drilling performance. Serving as a valuable resource for engineers and researchers, it provides insights into optimization techniques and innovations to enhance drilling efficiency in horizontal wellbores, thus facilitating improved operational outcomes.