A novel MPPT design based on the seagull optimization algοrithm for phοtovοltaic systems operating under partial shading

The use of a maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) controller is required for photovoltaic (PV) systems to extract maximum power from PV panels. However, under partial shading conditions, the PV cells/panels do not receive uniform insolation due to several power maxima appear on the PV array's P–V characteristic, a global MPP (GMPP) and two or more local MPPs (LMPPs). In this scenerio, conventional MPPT methods, including pertub and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC), fail to differentiate between a GMPP and a LMPP, as they converge on the MPP that makes contact first, which in most cases is one of the LMPPs. This results in considerable energy loss. To address this issue, this paper introduces a new MPPT method based on the Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) to operate PV systems at GMPP with high efficiency. The SOA is a new member of the bio-inspired algorithms. When compared to other evolutionary techniques, it uses fewer operators and modification parameters, which is advantageous when considering the rapid design process. In this paper, the SOA-based MPPT scheme is first proposed and then implemented for an 80 W PV system using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The effectiveness of the SOA based MPPT method is verified by comparing its performance with P& O and PSO (particle swarm optimization) based MPPT methods under different shading scenarios. The results demonstrated that the SOA based MPPT method performs better in terms of tracking accuracy and efficiency.