A Novel Autonomous SPV Module Cleaning Using Shape Memory Alloy and Internet of Things for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) modules are integral to renewable energy systems, but dirt, dust, and other environmental contaminants can drastically reduce their performance. Therefore, cleaning methods must be effective enough to maintain maximum energy output. This work evaluates the novel integration of Shape Memory Alloy wire as a cleaning tool for solar photovoltaic modules, in conjunction with an Internet of Things system for real-time monitoring and control. Shape Memory Alloy wire, presents a new, non-abrasive cleaning technique for solar photovoltaic modules, leveraging temperature induced shape changes to clean surface contaminants. The addition of an Internet of Things system provides continuous remote monitoring and automatic control of the cleaning process, improving maintenance efficiency and guaranteeing maximum energy output. This paper discusses the overall effectiveness of Shape Memory Alloy wire and Internet of Things technology in the cleaning of solar modules by considering the efficiency of cleaning, time and overall adaptability of the system. The system shows a significant efficiency improvement of 23.37% after three cleaning cycles highlighting its ability to restore the power output of the solar module.