A homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction based on temperature-controlled ionic liquid for the accurate and selective determination at low levels of zineb residues in foodstuff by using experimental design

A simple and homogeneous green liquid–liquid microextraction based on temperature-controlled ionic liquid (IL) process was developed for the selective extraction and spectrophotometric analysis of zinc (II) ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) (zineb) from different foodstuff samples including rice, wheat, corn, oat, cabbage, potato, tomato and grain. The effect of various parameters like pH, IL dose, temperature, ultrasound time and foreign ions were studied. The proposed method exhibited good precision and accuracy for extraction recovery of zineb. The samples were spiked with 50 and 150 µg of zineb and checked its effects on the recovery of zineb. The LOD 9.1 ng mL⁻¹, LOQ 30 ng mL⁻¹, linear range 30–600 ng mL⁻¹, enhancement factor 152 and RSD % values were found 3.2%. The multivariate statistical analysis was also carried out to interpret the data. The factorial design was used to examine the impacts of variables on extraction recovery of zineb from foodstuff.