A heuristically optimized comprehensive charging scheme for large-scale EV integration

The expectation of large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) charging and discharging load could bring security and reliability challenges to the power system. As a smart load, EV requires an intelligently designed scheduling and pricing algorithm that takes into account the stochastic EVs user behavior, grid charging capacity, battery characteristics, and real-time electricity price variations. In this paper, a multi-objective comprehensive stand-alone solution is proposed considering the time-of-use (TOU) price to intelligently regulate EVs charging/discharging activities. The proposed alternative heuristic charging strategy optimally configures solution indices and provide a tradeoff between considered evaluation parameters, thus mitigating the effect of uncontrolled charging introduced by stochastic EV charge/discharge activities. The objective is to shift the peak hours load to nonpeak hours with reduction in average-to-peak ratio, charging cost minimization and maximize the availability of charging capacity for pledging the traveling plan determined by EV users. Different EVs penetration are tested to validate the performance of the proposed solution under massive EV integration, with a driving pattern obtained from the Beijing National Travel Survey.