A Critical Review on Corrosion and Fouling of Water in Water Distribution Networks and Their Control

Corrosion and scaling are among the problems that may arise when storing water in tanks. Several factors affect the corrosion and scaling of water, which include pH, temperature, alkalinity, Ca²⁺ hardness, TDS, concentrations of Cl^–, SO₄^2–, CO₃^2–, and HCO^3–. Also, several indices can be measured using these properties such as the Langelier saturation index, Ryznar index, Aggressive index, Larson, Scold index, water quality index, and Puckorius index. These indicators determine the degree of corrosiveness and sedimentation of water. The purpose of this review article was to study the impact of various factors on the corrosiveness and sedimentation of water. To this end, different sources of water in different countries were studied and the impact of physical and chemical parameters on their corrosiveness was investigated. Also, the reaction mechanism of water corrosion inside the pipe was studied. Finally, practical and constructive suggestions were presented to solve the problems of corrosion and sedimentation of desalination water.