A Comprehensive Review on 3D Printing of Concrete: Materials, Methods and Mechanical Properties

3D printing concrete (3DPC) is undoubtedly an astonishing construction technology having good socio-economic impacts in future. Looking back to past, originally this technology came into picture in 1980 which was initially sophisticated to minor products but later it laid its foundation in the areas of construction. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented focussing on various materials and techniques being used for printing the concrete while making comparsion and discussing on merits and demerits. The effect of admixtures has also been compared along with efficiency standard required for 3D printing concrete (3DPC). The mix proportioning used for making the printable concrete with their mechanical behaviour and printing methodology are also compared. Future perspective and recommendations are also illustrated with advantages and disadvantage of technique’s application that will be helpful for the researchers and engineers.